We all know that prevention is better than cure but if someone takes it too seriously and applies it by using extreme practice of antibiotics, the main purpose of treating patients might be overshadowed and it might be turned counter productive.
When we use antibiotics to prevent diseases, the antimicrobial resistance will become dangerous.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) happens when bacteria, fungi, viruses etc. have developed and fortified themselves against drugs such as antibiotics and no longer respond to antimicrobial drugs.
The “First Multicentric Point Prevalence Survey of Antibiotic Use” had been conducted by the National Centre for Disease Control under the Health Ministry stated that 70% patients in the hospitals across the country were prescribed antibiotics.
Among them around 50% of antibiotics which were prescribed to the patients have the potential to create the situation of antimicrobial resistance. What is more serious is that around 55% of patients who participated under the survey were given antibiotics to prevent the disease. There were only 45% of Patients whose antibiotics were prescribed to actually treat the infections.
According to the World Health Organization, there were 1.27 million global deaths in 2019 due to bacterial antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization also warns that the antimicrobial resistance causes other serious issues such as making infection harder to treat, rendering surgery, cancer chemotherapy etc.
Conclusion : The doctors and Government must come together to curb the extreme use of antibiotics to prevent the diseases and also patients must not be in a hurry to be treated faster and not expect immediate relief by using antibiotics.
Examination scandals affect credibility, influence education standards, and pattern-based learning leads to rote memorization. Inflation of marks affects talent search costs for employers.
Diversity in Higher Education: India has over 1,100 universities and 60 school boards, leading to diverse assessment modes. Hallmarks of good examination boards; however, unchecked secrecy can lead to scandals, and standardization hampers experimentation.
Summative exams' validity becomes questionable over time and across institutions. Exams often prioritize rote learning over higher-order thinking, and flawed question papers undermine assessment quality. Indiscriminate evaluation leads to grades that do not reflect differences in students' learning achievements.
Improving the examination system requires emphasizing outcome-based learning, ensuring transparency, proper oversight, and addressing autonomy challenges faced by autonomous colleges. Lack of oversight hampers the implementation of outcome-based learning, while transparency and oversight are crucial for a credible examination system. Autonomous colleges face inconsistencies in their examination systems due to a lack of effective oversight.
Suggestions to improve the quality of education through:
Defining minimum learning outcomes
Continuous assessment with teacher feedback
Technology integration for question paper setting and evaluation
Codification of quality issues with corrective measures
External audits of assessment systems
Improving grading systems to distinguish students based on academic achievements.
Conclusion: A transparent, technology-enabled, and externally audited examination system, focused on minimum standards and continuous assessment, is essential for ensuring credibility, consistency, and improvement in the education system.
Challenges in Indian politics include the erosion of good faith, the need for acknowledgment of behaviors by the government and opposition, and hindering effective communication due to the opposition's strategy of refusing to acknowledge the legitimacy of the government, particularly by civil society.
Ways to restore trust in democracy include promoting civility, moderation, and issue-based mobilization across parties, re-evaluating anti-defection laws, and promoting responsible journalism to create a public-interest-oriented narrative.
Citizens in India can learn from Israel's protests by uniting across ideological differences to preserve democratic values. Despite contradictions, people can find common ground to restore trust in political institutions and uphold democratic principles.
